The armadillo (little armored one in Spanish) originated in South America. The United States claims only the nine-banded armadillo—7-11 bands are possible. These bands are joined by flexible skin. The leathery armored shell consists of bony plates covered by scales. The anteater and sloth are relatives.
During reproduction, a female can delay implantation for months if stressed or planning to colonize. This mammal usually delivers Identical quadruplets. Babies have soft shells—similar to human fingernails. The adult weighs about 12 pounds. Longevity spans 7-20 years.
In Florida, the armadillo is common because it seeks moist soil and warm climates—cold can be fatal. However, increasing temperatures are promoting northward expansion. Forests, grassland, or yards are suitable habitats.
This solitary, primarily nocturnal animal is a lawn and agriculture pest. It excavates several burrows with multiple entrances for shelter. Such burrowing destroys gardens, especially plant roots. It also exposes foundations and utility areas. Filling and blocking tunnels sometimes discourage revisits. It is also effective to avoid excessive irrigation and fertilization, since moist soil and luscious vegetation bring earthworms and insect larvae (armadillo candy) to the surface. Scavenging, especially for insects, is facilitated by a long, sticky tongue, capable claws, and a keen sense of smell which substitutes for poor eyesight.
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| Armadillo - photo Brett Pigon |
Dens provide refuge from such animals as black bears and alligators. The protective armor and fast, short legs also allow quick escapes into thorny patches. It is a misconception that the nine-banded armadillo rolls up into a ball for defense—only the three-banded armadillo qualifies. Realistically, the biggest threat is becoming roadkill. Though its body is small enough for a car to pass over, it jumps high when startled and encounters the undercarriage of the vehicle.
Since the armadillo can hold its breath up to 6 minutes, it can walk on a river bottom for a short span. To swim above water, it inflates its stomach for buoyancy.
Low body temperature renders the armadillo susceptible to Hansen’s disease, leprosy. Mangabey monkeys, rabbits, and mice can also contract leprosy systematically. Yet, the event of a person acquiring leprosy by handling an armadillo or consuming the meat is extremely low. (Never undercook the meat.) During the Great Depression of 1929-39, many safely consumed the armadillo—flavored and textured like pork. Sarcastically, it was labeled the Hoover hog after President Hoover was vilified for the economic collapse.
Because of leprosy and a weak immune system, the armadillo is ideal for research—especially identical quadruplets. As usual, some benefit is found in every creature.
